Coal Mine Machinery

Laser Cladding for Coal Mining Machinery

Hydraulic supports are the core supporting equipment of fully mechanized coal mining systems. Key load-bearing components including columns, hydraulic cylinders (outer cylinders, middle cylinders), piston rods and side jacks operate long-term under harsh underground conditions featuring high corrosion, severe abrasive wear and frequent impact loads. These parts are prone to rusting, scratching and material loss, which severely impairs the sealing performance and service life of hydraulic cylinders and poses potential safety hazards.

 Conventional processes such as electroplating and surfacing welding are being phased out by the market due to prominent drawbacks including severe environmental pollution, low bonding strength and easy coating spalling. With outstanding comprehensive advantages, laser cladding has become the dominant remanufacturing process for hydraulic supports:

 For outer surfaces of columns, piston rods, side jacks and other components, laser cladding of high-hardness stainless steel is widely adopted to replace traditional electroplating and surfacing welding, delivering drastically improved wear and corrosion resistance. For inner bores of outer cylinders, middle cylinders and similar parts, laser cladding of low-hardness stainless steel is being increasingly popularized as a substitute for copper electroplating and copper surfacing welding, which optimizes sealing fit and fatigue resistance.

Comparison ItemElectroplating (Cr)Arc Surfacing WeldingLaser Cladding P
Coating Bonding StrengthPhysical bonding
low bonding strength
20~ 50 MPa, easy to peel off
Metallurgical bonding
250~450 MPa
Metallurgical bonding
300~500 MPa
Failure CharacteristicsCoating peeling, pitting, scratching, sealing failure and liquid leakageCoating cracking, deformation, wear-resistant layer falling off, workpiece scrappingNo obvious failure modes, only uniform wear under normal working conditions, can be repaired repeatedly
Thermal DeformationCold processing,
no thermal deformation
Large heat input,
serious deformation
small heat input, extremely low thermal deformation
Environmental FriendlinessContains cyanides and heavy metals, serious wastewater pollution, production restricted by the stateSmoke and arc light pollution, low utilization rate of welding electrode consumablesNo chemical pollution, low smoke, green environmental protection process, in line with coal mine remanufacturing policies
Wear and Corrosion ResistanceChromium layer hardness HRC60-65, but poor hydrogen sulfide corrosion resistance, prone to pitting corrosionUneven hardness, high dilution rate, average wear and corrosion resistanceUniform hardness HRC50-65 adjustable, hydrogen sulfide corrosion resistance and wear resistance are more than 3 times that of electroplating
Coating Thickness ControlPoor thickness uniformity, accuracy ±0.02mm, difficult to make large thicknessUneven thickness, large fluctuation, accuracy ±0.5mm, requiring a lot of grindingPrecise and controllable thickness, accuracy ±0.05mm, adjustable in the range of 0.3-3mm according to requirements
Dilution RateNo dilution, pure coatingDilution rate 15-30%, seriously diluting the alloy performanceDilution rate <5%, the matrix has minimal impact on the coating performance
Production EfficiencyMedium mass production efficiency, requiring multiple processes, long electroplating cycleLow single-piece repair efficiency, high labor intensityHigh degree of automation, mass production efficiency is 2-3 times that of electroplating, and the efficiency of ultra-high speed cladding is higher

1. Laser Cladding on Cylinder Outer Surface

1. Laser Cladding on Cylinder Outer Surface

2. Laser Cladding on Cylinder Inner Surface

2. Laser Cladding on Cylinder Inner Surface

3.Conventional Laser Cladding Repair Process Parameters for Hydraulic Cylinders

Chemical Compositions (WT%)
ElementFe(%)Ni(%)Cr(%)V(%)Si(%)O(%)
ResultBal1.9517.560.101.020.033
ElementMn(%)Mo(%)Other(%)
Result0.331.52<2
Hardness: HRC53-57

Processing Parameters:

  • Laser Power: 6000w-12000w  
  • Powder feeding: 50-85g/min
  • Line speed: 4-10m/min   
  • Step distance: 1.5-2.0mm

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